What Is AC Blowing Agent? Uses, Types, and Selection Factors

11, Aug. 2026

 

What Is AC Blowing Agent? Uses, Types, and Selection Factors

AC blowing agent usually refers to azodicarbonamide, also called ADC or ADCA, a chemical blowing agent used to create fine, closed or semi-closed cellular structures in polymers, rubber, and selected industrial materials. When heated, it decomposes and releases gas that expands a softened compound during extrusion, molding, or vulcanization. The material is commonly identified by CAS No. 123-77-3, molecular formula C2H4N4O2, and a molecular weight of approximately 116.08 g/mol. The correct grade depends on the polymer, processing temperature, required cell structure, regulatory requirements, and the buyer’s supply-chain conditions.

Please visit our website for more information on this topic.

What Is AC Blowing Agent?

AC blowing agent is a solid, organic chemical blowing agent that decomposes under controlled heat. The released gas forms bubbles inside a polymer or rubber matrix, reducing density and helping produce foam products. In commercial production, formulators normally combine it with a base resin or elastomer, processing aids, activators, and other additives.

Pure azodicarbonamide generally decomposes at a high temperature, often reported around 200°C to 210°C, although the actual activation temperature depends on particle size, formulation, activators, and product grade. During decomposition, commercial ADC grades are commonly described as generating approximately 220 to 240 mL of gas per gram under specified test conditions. These values are indicative only; buyers should confirm the exact decomposition profile and gas yield in the supplier’s technical data sheet.

The identity and basic chemical information for azodicarbonamide can be checked through the PubChem Compound Summary for Azodicarbonamide, maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Regulatory status and permitted uses can differ by country and application, so a current safety data sheet and local compliance review are necessary before commercialization.

Core Functions of AC Blowing Agent

Density Reduction

The primary function of AC blowing agent is to reduce the apparent density of a finished product. Gas generated during thermal decomposition expands the compound and creates a cellular structure. Lower density can reduce material consumption per part, but excessive expansion may reduce dimensional stability or mechanical strength.

Cell Formation and Surface Appearance

ADC can help produce a fine and relatively uniform cell structure when the decomposition rate matches the viscosity and cooling behavior of the polymer. Particle size, dispersion, nucleation, and processing pressure all influence cell size. A grade that performs well in one resin may not provide the same surface quality in another resin.

Processing Adjustment

Manufacturers may use activators or blending strategies to lower the effective decomposition temperature. This can improve compatibility with polymers processed below the decomposition temperature of unmodified ADC. However, lowering the activation temperature too aggressively may cause premature gas release, uneven expansion, or processing instability.

Common Applications of AC Blowing Agent

  • PVC foam products: Used in selected profiles, sheets, boards, flooring materials, and other cellular PVC applications.
  • Rubber products: Applied in certain sponge rubber, sealing, insulation, and cushioning compounds.
  • PE and EVA foam: Used in footwear components, packaging, sports goods, mats, and other lightweight products when the formulation and processing window are suitable.
  • Adhesives and polymer compounds: Considered where controlled expansion, lower density, or a cellular texture is required.
  • Industrial insulation and cushioning: Evaluated for applications requiring lightweight structures and controlled compressibility.

Application suitability depends on more than the name of the polymer. The buyer should compare the resin’s melt behavior, processing temperature, residence time, pressure, cooling rate, and required density. A laboratory trial is particularly important when the product has strict requirements for surface finish, compression set, dimensional tolerance, or odor.

Main Types and Material Options

Standard-Temperature ADC

Standard ADC is generally selected for processes that can reach its normal decomposition range. It may be suitable for higher-temperature plastics and rubber compounds. The key evaluation points are decomposition temperature, gas yield, particle-size distribution, purity, and dispersion behavior.

Low-Temperature or Activated ADC

Activated grades are designed to decompose at a lower effective temperature than standard ADC. Activation may be achieved through formulation technology or the use of suitable activator systems. These grades can be useful for EVA, PVC, and other materials processed at lower temperatures, but the buyer should verify whether the grade requires a separate activator.

Fine-Particle ADC

Fine-particle grades can support improved dispersion and may help reduce visible defects in thin or surface-sensitive products. Fine particle size does not automatically guarantee better foam quality because agglomeration, mixing energy, and compound viscosity remain important. Ask for the supplier’s particle-size specification and test method rather than relying only on the term “fine powder.”

Shitong contains other products and information you need, so please check it out.

Modified or Low-Odor Grades

Some applications require improved odor control, lower residue, or compatibility with specific regulatory requirements. Modified grades may address one or more of these needs, but performance and compliance must be confirmed for the intended market. Buyers should request a current SDS, technical data sheet, composition information where legally available, and application guidance.

Key Specifications to Compare

Specification Why It Matters What to Confirm
Decomposition temperature Determines compatibility with the processing window Test method, onset temperature, and peak decomposition temperature
Gas yield Influences expansion and dosage calculations mL/g value, test conditions, and whether the result is theoretical or measured
Particle size Influences dispersion and surface quality D50, maximum particle size, and agglomeration control
Purity and residue Can affect color, odor, deposits, and product consistency Specification limits and batch-testing practice
Moisture May affect storage stability and processing behavior Maximum moisture value and recommended storage conditions
Packaging Protects powder quality during transport and storage Bag size, liner material, palletization, and shelf-life guidance

For reference, the PubChem record identifies azodicarbonamide with a molecular weight of approximately 116.08 g/mol and CAS No. 123-77-3. The European Chemicals Agency provides regulatory and substance information through its chemical database, but buyers must still confirm the rules applicable to their own product category and destination market. A supplier specification should always take priority over a general industry range when the two differ.

How to Select the Right AC Blowing Agent

1. Define the Polymer and Process

Start with the exact resin or elastomer, processing equipment, melt temperature, residence time, and pressure profile. Record whether the process is extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, calendaring, or rubber vulcanization. This information helps determine whether standard ADC, activated ADC, or another blowing technology should be evaluated.

2. Set the Foam Performance Target

Define the required density, expansion ratio, cell size, surface appearance, hardness, compression behavior, and dimensional tolerance. A low-density target may require a different gas yield and dosage strategy than a dense structural foam. The formulation should be evaluated as a complete system rather than by blowing-agent price alone.

3. Review Regulatory and Safety Requirements

Check the rules for the final article, not only the raw material. Food-contact products, toys, footwear, building materials, automotive parts, and consumer goods may have different restrictions. Review the SDS, technical data sheet, applicable regional chemical inventories, worker-handling requirements, and any customer-specific restricted-substance list.

4. Conduct a Controlled Trial

Use a small laboratory or pilot trial to compare expansion, cell structure, odor, color, surface finish, and dimensional stability. Keep resin grade, mixing sequence, temperature, screw speed, and cooling conditions consistent during comparison. Record the dosage in phr or weight percentage and document the test conditions so that results can be reproduced.

Commercial Factors for B2B Buyers

Price per kilogram is only one part of the purchasing decision. Buyers should also compare minimum order quantity, packaging format, production lead time, sample availability, payment terms, shipping route, shelf life, and technical support. A lower-cost product may create a higher total cost if it requires more dosage, causes process waste, or produces inconsistent foam quality.

Before approving a supplier, request a representative sample, current SDS, technical data sheet, certificate of analysis for shipped batches where available, packaging photographs, and a written specification. Ask whether the supplier can support repeat orders, custom particle-size requirements, activator matching, and export documentation. These checks help reduce quality variation between trial material and commercial shipment.

How Shitong Can Support Your Evaluation

At Shitong, I approach AC blowing agent sourcing as a formulation and supply-chain evaluation rather than a simple product purchase. Our team can review your polymer, processing temperature, target density, dosage range, packaging requirement, and destination market before recommending a suitable product direction. Where the information is not yet complete, I prefer to identify the missing parameters instead of making an unsupported grade recommendation.

For an initial inquiry, please provide the application, base polymer, processing method, operating temperature in °C, target density, estimated monthly quantity in kg, packaging preference, and destination country. We can then discuss sample requirements, technical documents, commercial terms, and a practical trial plan. Final suitability should be confirmed through your own formulation and production testing.

Key Takeaways

  • AC blowing agent commonly means azodicarbonamide, or ADC/ADCA, identified by CAS No. 123-77-3.
  • Its molecular weight is approximately 116.08 g/mol, while commercial gas-yield and decomposition values vary by grade and test method.
  • Standard, activated, fine-particle, and modified grades are available for different processing windows and performance requirements.
  • The most important selection factors are decomposition profile, gas yield, particle size, purity, moisture, dispersion, regulatory status, and supply consistency.
  • A controlled trial is necessary before full-scale production, especially for products requiring precise density, surface quality, low odor, or dimensional stability.

Conclusion

AC blowing agent is a practical chemical blowing technology for producing lightweight cellular polymers and rubber products, but the correct grade must match the material and process. Buyers should compare technical specifications, regulatory documentation, trial performance, and total supply cost before placing a production order. The next step is to define your polymer, processing temperature, target density, dosage range, and annual or monthly demand. Share those details with Shitong, and we can help organize a focused product evaluation and quotation process.

For more ac blowing agentinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.