History
The onset of the industrial revolution increased the need for the standardization of screw threads. As new manufacturing processes emerged it became obvious just how many different types of threads existed. This caused compatibility issues between different manufacturers and users.
In 1841, Sir Joseph Whitworth, an English engineer and inventor created a uniform threading system to address the issue. His thread form was based on a 55-degree thread angle with rounded roots and crests. This became a widely accepted standard for connecting thread for pipes and became known as the British Standard Pipe thread (BSP).
BSP threads were often used in the United States and Canada through the 1860s, but they were never universally accepted, so the lack of compatibility and need for standardization remained. In 1864, William Sellers, an American engineer, proposed a new set of standards for bolts, screws, and nuts. His design featured a 60-degree angle with flattened peaks and valleys that was easier to manufacture and produce. Sellers’ design, known as National Pipe Tapered (NPT) threads, gained widespread acceptance and played a vital role in the American industrial revolution. NPT threads were eventually adopted as the national standard in the U.S.
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